بیان رابطه علت و معلول در رایتینگ آیلتس

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در آیلتس هر Writing از چند پاراگراف تشکلیل شده است که پیرامون یک موضوع اصلی می‌باشد. نکات مهمی که در نوشتن Writing  آیلتس و یا هر نوع نوشتار دیگری وجود دارد توجه به موضوع یا Topic نوشتار و بسط درست آن در تعداد پاراگراف های مناسب می‌باشد. بسط مناسب بعضی موضوعات نیازمند توضیح رابطه علت و معلول در رایتینگ بین عوامل مختلف می‌باشد که در این مطلب به آن می‌پردازیم.

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در این نوع رایتینگ باید راجع به دلایل و  اثرات آن توضیح دهیم. روش‌های زیادی برای سازمان‌دهی کردن مقاله وجود دارد، اما ما در اینجا از ساختاری استفاده می‌کنیم که از نظر ممتحن آیلتس بیشترین نمره و انسجام را دارد.

بعنوان مثال رایتینگ Task 2  مسئله‌ای را مطرح می‌کند و از شما می‌خواهد تا دلایل اصلی این مسئله را عنوان و تاثیرات سوالات علت ومعلولی در رایتینگ احتمالی آن را بررسی کنید.

به سوال زیر توجه کنید:
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Today more people are overweight than ever before.

What in your opinion are the primary causes of this?

What measures can be taken to overcome this epidemic?

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Causes of obesity

1. Inactive lifestyle (relying on cars instead of walking, fewer physical demands at work, inactive leisure activities)
2. Unhealthy eating habits (eating fast-food, drinking high-calorie beverages, consuming large portions of food, eating irregularly)

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Effects of obesity

1. Physical health problems
2. Loss of productivity
3. Depressions and mental disorders

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بعد از مشخص کردن ایده‌ی اصلی برای دلایل و تاثیرات آنها، حالا نوبت استفاده از این ایده‌ها در نوشته است. ساختار مطلوب مقاله برای موضوع فوق:

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پاراگراف اول: مقدمه (Introduction)

 پاراگراف دوم: دلایل (Causes)

  پاراگراف سوم: تاثیرات (Effects)

 پاراگراف چهارم: پیشنهادات  (Suggestions)

 پاراگراف پنجم: نتیجه‌گیری (Conclusion)

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مقدمه خود را در دو جمله بنویسید.

جمله‌ی اول: موضوع را به شکل دیگری بیان کنید. شما می‌توانید از کلماتی مانند ‘nowadays/today/these days’ برای شروع  استفاده کنید.

Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly growing.

جمله‌ی دوم: توضیح دهید راجع به چه موضوعی قصد نوشتن دارید.

This essay will discuss the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem.

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تمام دلایل را بیان کنید. مثلا:

In my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits.

Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories and gaining weight.

در ۳-۲ جمله‌ی اول دلیل را توضیح دهید. فرض کنید ممتحن هیچ اطلاعاتی در این زمینه ندارد و شما مجبور به بیان تمام جزییات برای او هستید. در ۵-۴ جمله دلیل دوم را توضیح دهید. فراموش نکنید برای توضیح دادن می‌توانید از مثال‌های مرتبط هم استفاده کنید.

Moreover, the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity.

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جمله ی اول: تمام تاثیرات احتمالی را بنویسید.

The possible effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity.

در جمله دوم و سوم تاثیر اول را توضیح داده و مثال بیاورید.

First of all, obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person’s metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases.

تاثیر دوم را توضیح داده و آن را با مثال‌هایی ساپورت کنید.

Secondly, overweight people are very unhealthy and often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal weight.

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پیشنهادات اقداماتی برای غلبه بر این معضل فراگیر. برای مثال:

Obesity is a leading cause of disease, but it’s possible to overcome obesity. There are different ways like making healthy food choices, focusing on the balance of energy IN and energy out and being active.

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در قسمت نتیجه‎گیری شما باید مساله را دوباره بیان کرده و علت‌ها و تاثیرات را که در بخش‌های قبل توضیح داده‌اید دوباره به صورت خلاصه جمع‌بندی کنید.

To sum up, obesity is a big problem that affects a lot of people nowadays. It’s mainly caused by inactive lifestyle and eating disorders and results in severe health problems and loss of productivity.

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